Clione antarctica
Clione antarctica is a species of a pelagic marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clionidae.
Distribution
Distribution of Clione antarctica include Southern Hemisphere in polar waters of Antarctica.[1][2]
Description
Length: 4.2 cm.
Ecology
This species is an important component of polar ecosystems.
Prey:
Clione antarctica have large lipid storage up to 5% of its wet mass.[3] It can survive without food only from its lipid storage reserves for about six months.[3]
Clione antarctica lays eggs at spring.[3]
It is eaten itself by the medusa Diplulmaris antarctica.[4]
It defends itself from predators by synthesizing an ichthyodeterrent (= deterring fishes) compound, a previously unknown molecule, named pteroenone. It acts as guest for the hyperiid amphipod Hyperiella dilatata, which takes advantage of the protection offered.
References
- ^ a b Whitehead K., Karentz D. & Hedges J. (2001). "Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in phytoplankton, a herbivorous pteropod (Limacina helicina), and its pteropod predator (Clione antarctica) in McMurdo Bay, Antarctica". Marine Biology 139(5); 1013-1019. doi:10.1007/s002270100654.
- ^ Rudman W. B. (11 January 2006). "Clione antarctica (Smith, 1902)". Sea Slug Forum. accessed 2 February 2011.
- ^ a b c Seibel B. A. & Dierssen H. M. (2003). "Cascading trophic impacts of reduced biomass in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Just the tip of the iceberg?" Biological Bulletin 205 93-97. HTM, PubMed.
- ^ Larson R. J. & Harbison G. R. (1990). "Medusae from Mcmurdo Sound, Ross Sea including the descriptions of two new species, Leuckartiara brownei and Benthocodon hyalinus". Polar Biology 11(1): 19-25. doi:10.1007/BF00236517.
External links
- Clione antarctica at National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.
- Bryan P. J., Yoshida W. Y., McClintock J. B. & Baker B. J. (1995). "Ecological role for pteroenone, a novel antifeedant from the conspicuous antarctic pteropod Clione antarctica (Gymnosomata: Gastropoda)". Marine Biology 122: 271-277.
- Gilmer R. W. & Lalli C. M. (1990). "Bipolar variation in Clione, a gymnosomatous pteropod". Am. Malacol. Union Bull. 8(1): 67-75.
- Nakamura Y, Kiyota H., Baker B. J. & Kuwahara S. (2005). "First Synthesis of (+)-Pteroenone: A Defensive Metabolite of the Abducted Antarctic Pteropod Clione antarctica." ChemInform 36(32). doi:10.1002/chin.200532193.
- Yoshida W. Y., Bryan P. J., Baker B. J. & McClintock J. B. (1995). "Pteroenone: A Defensive Metabolite of the Abducted Antarctic Pteropod Clione antarctica". Journal of Organic Chemistry 60: 780-782. doi:10.1002/chin.199529325.